ABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for >17 million deaths globally each year and this figure is expected to grow to 23.6 million by 2030. According to the WHO report, one-third of ischemic heart disease is attributable to high cholesterol. There have been some claims that the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), which is the logarithmic transformation of the just-mentioned ratio (TG/HDL-C), could be used as a significant predictor of atherosclerosis, and CVD as well. Thus, we aimed to study the relationship between AIP and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: The cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted including 117 participants aged between 40-72 years old without cardiovascular symptoms were recruited from Second General Hospital. After filled consent form, participants’ habits of smoking, alcohol usage, obesity, arterial hypertension and sedentary lifestyle were assessed through a structured questionnaire and physical examination. By using fully automated open-system analyzer, determinations of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) three times and glucose twice were performed simultaneously and then their averages were calculated. At least one abnormal lipid level was considered as “dyslipidemia”. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was calculated as the logarithmically transformed ratio of molar concentrations of TG to HDL-C. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22. RESULTS: Of total 117 participants ranging 40-72 years old, 45.3% were male and 54.7% were female with mean age 53.6±0.79. Regarding cardiovascular risk factors, 63.8% were physically inactive, 32.48% were smokers, 47% were alcohol user, 48% were hypertensive, and 18.26% were diabetic. The mean values plus standard error of lipid components were 195.5±6.09 mg/dL in cholesterol, 181.25±27.36 mg/dL in triglycerides, 60.6±1.39 mg/dL in HDL-C, 138.5±3.74 mg/dL in LDL-C, 6.27±0.26 mmol/L in fasting glucose. The dyslipidemia was detected in 54.7% of total participants and mean level of AIP was 0.33±0.03 (min=-0.52; max=1.51). The mean levels of 10 year and lifetime risk were 6.25±0.63% (min=0.2; max=33.5) and 43±1.53% (min=7.5; max=69), respectively. AIP had weak correlations with gender, smoking, anti-hypertensive drug usage, aspirin usage, 10 year and lifetime risks of CVD, hypertension, fasting glucose, body mass index, and dyslipidemia (0.2<r<0.4, р<0.05). Multivariate regression revealed that fasting glucose level (β=0.016, Cl95%; 0.005:0.027, р=0.003) and BMI (β=0.092, Cl95%; 0.002:0.035, р=0.002) were associated with AIP. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of dyslipidemia is higher among the participants and cardiovascular risk factors affect AIP differently. Fasting glucose level as well as body mass index are potent risk factors to increase AIP.
ABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND. Heart failure is the leading cause of the death among non-communicable diseases. Heart failure is a fatal disease that once its clinical symptoms appeared, five years of survival rate is 50-75%. Chronic heart failures are the main risk factors arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity and dyslipidemia Thus, early diagnosis before its symptoms are presented and treatment with close monitoring is the most rational and effective approach for decreasing heart failure diseases and deaths caused by it. OBJECTIVE. To determine the level of NT-pro BNP in people with high risk of chronic heart failure and assess its results. METHODS. We conducted hospital-based descriptive study at State Second Central Hospital and Bayanzurkh District Medical Center. Total of 100 participants aged from 35 to 64 who had no symptom of chronic heart failure however with high risk were recruited in this study. Based on the document entitled “Heart failure prevention 2008” of the American Heart Association, old age, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart attack and obesity were considered as higher risks of heart failure. Risk factors of heart failure were estimated by questionnaire and physical examination. The level of NT-pro BNP in plasma was determined using FIA8000 analyzer. According to the guideline produced by the European Society of Cardiology in 2016, result of the testing is considered “positive” when NT-pro BNP is higher than 125 pg/ml. Risk factors of chronic heart failure were studied in comparison with two groups which were NT-pro BNP positive and negative results and their statistically significant difference were determined. RESULTS. Of 87 participants, 51 (51%) were female and 49(49%) were male. Half of the participants (51%) were aged between 55-64. Arterial hypertension was determined in 88% of the participant, 38% were overdose drink of alcohol, therefore 55% were 1,2,3 levels obesity and 36% were diabetic. When determining the NT-pro BNP level, in 34 cases (34%) were positive. Hence, 31% of the people with arterial hypertension, 9% of the people overdose drink with alcohol, 20% of the people with obesity, 12% of the people with diabetes showed positive results of NT-pro BNP. When studying the risk factors of chronic heart failure of the compared two groups of NT-pro BNP positive and negative results, statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was increased of the with arterial hypertension and obesity. CONCLUSION. NT-pro BNP is the arterial hypertension and obesity which is increasing for people compared to the other risking factors